• Margarida Santos Matos, Maria Clara Andrade Teles da Silva, Milena Bastos Brito, and Ana Katherine Gonçalves.
• Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Women's Health - Salvador (BA), Brazil.
• Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2024 Jan 1; 70 (6): e20240045e20240045.

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the clinical and uterine cervix characteristics of patients displaying vaginal discharge with positive results for Mycoplasma sp. and/or Ureaplasma spp.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study involving women aged 18-45 years was conducted. Microbiological assessments included Ureaplasma and Mycoplasma cultures, as well as human papillomavirus hybrid capture using ecto and endocervix swabs. All tests were two-tailed, and significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsAmong 324 women, Ureaplasma prevalence was 17.9%, and Mycoplasma prevalence was 3.1%. The Ureaplasma-positive group exhibited a higher frequency of urinary tract infections (39.1 vs. 19%, p=0.002) and human papillomavirus (39.7 vs. 12.8%, p≤0.001) compared with controls. The Mycoplasma-positive group showed a higher frequency of non-contraceptive use compared with controls (66.2 vs. 30.0%, p=0.036). Abnormal colposcopic findings were more prevalent in the Mycoplasma/Ureaplasma-positive group than in controls (positive: 65% vs. control: 35%, p=0.001). Pap smear findings did not differ between the groups.ConclusionUreaplasma spp. was associated with urinary tract infections and human papillomavirus, while the presence of Mycoplasma sp. was linked to reduced contraceptive use. When analyzing both pathogens together, a higher frequency of abnormal colposcopic findings was observed, with no difference in cytological findings in the positive group.

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