• Pascal Stammet, Olivier Collignon, Christian Hassager, Matthew P Wise, Jan Hovdenes, Anders Åneman, Janneke Horn, Yvan Devaux, David Erlinge, Jesper Kjaergaard, Yvan Gasche, Michael Wanscher, Tobias Cronberg, Hans Friberg, Jørn Wetterslev, Tommaso Pellis, Michael Kuiper, Georges Gilson, Niklas Nielsen, and TTM-Trial Investigators.
• Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Electronic address: stammet.pascal@chl.lu.
• J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2015 May 19;65(19):2104-14.

BackgroundNeuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a widely-used biomarker for prognostication of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest, but the relevance of recommended cutoff values has been questioned due to the lack of a standardized methodology and uncertainties over the influence of temperature management.ObjectivesThis study investigated the role of NSE as a prognostic marker of outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in a contemporary setting.MethodsA total of 686 patients hospitalized after OHCA were randomized to targeted temperature management at either 33°C or 36°C. NSE levels were assessed in blood samples obtained 24, 48, and 72 h after return of spontaneous circulation. The primary outcome was neurological outcome at 6 months using the cerebral performance category score.ResultsNSE was a robust predictor of neurological outcome in a baseline variable-adjusted model, and target temperature did not significantly affect NSE values. Median NSE values were 18 ng/ml versus 35 ng/ml, 15 ng/ml versus 61 ng/ml, and 12 ng/ml versus 54 ng/ml for good versus poor outcome at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively (p < 0.001). At 48 and 72 h, NSE predicted neurological outcome with areas under the receiver-operating curve of 0.85 and 0.86, respectively. High NSE cutoff values with false positive rates ≤5% and tight 95% confidence intervals were able to reliably predict outcome.ConclusionsHigh, serial NSE values are strong predictors of poor outcome after OHCA. Targeted temperature management at 33°C or 36°C does not significantly affect NSE levels. (Target Temperature Management After Cardiac Arrest [TTM]; NCT01020916).Copyright © 2015 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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