• Dongyun Bie, Yinan Li, Hongbai Wang, Qiao Liu, Dou Dou, Yuan Jia, Su Yuan, Qi Li, Jianhui Wang, and Fuxia Yan.
• From the Department of Anaesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (DB, YL, HW, QL, DD, YJ, SY, JW, FY), and Medical Research and Biometrics Centre, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (QL).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2024 Dec 1; 41 (12): 881888881-888.

BackgroundIntra-operative urine output (UO) has been shown to predict postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in adults; however, its significance in children undergoing cardiac surgery remains unknown.ObjectiveTo explore the association between intra-operative UO and postoperative AKI in children with congenital heart disease.DesignA retrospective observational study.SettingA tertiary hospital.PatientsChildren aged >28 days and <6 years who underwent cardiac surgery at Fuwai Hospital from 1 April 2022 to 30 August 2022.Main Outcome MeasuresAKI was identified by the highest serum creatinine value within postoperative 7 days using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria.ResultsIn total, 1184 children were included. The incidence of AKI was 23.1% (273/1184), of which 17.7% (209/1184) were stage 1, 4.2% (50/1184) were stage 2, and others were stage 3 (1.2%, 14/1184). Intra-operative UO was calculated by dividing the total intra-operative urine volume by the duration of surgery and the actual body weight measured before surgery. There was no significant difference in median [IQR] intra-operative UO between the AKI and non-AKI groups (2.6 [1.4 to 5.4] and 2.7 [1.4 to 4.9], respectively, P  = 0.791), and multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that intra-operative UO was not associated with postoperative AKI [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.971; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.930 to 1.014; P  = 0.182]. Regarding the clinical importance of severe forms of AKI, we further explored the association between intra-operative UO and postoperative moderate-to-severe AKI (adjusted OR 0.914; 95% CI, 0.838 to 0.998; P  = 0.046).ConclusionsIntra-operative UO was not associated with postoperative AKI during paediatric cardiac surgery. However, we found a significant association between UO and postoperative moderate-to-severe AKI. This suggests that reductions in intra-operative urine output below a specific threshold may be associated with postoperative renal dysfunction.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT05489263.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the European Society of Anaesthesiology.

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