• Emmanuel Rusingiza, Nicole Schulick, Patiente Umuganwa, David Ntirushwa, Vincent Dusingizimana, Josee Uwamariya, Leslie Kaze, Ceeya Bolman, JaBaris Swain, Christiance Mwamikazi, Joseph Mucumbitsi, Maurice Musoni, Leopold Bitunguhari, Evariste Ntaganda, Ralph Bolman, and Yihan Lin.
• University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda; University of Rwanda, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda. Electronic address: erkamanzi@gmail.com.
• J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2024 Jul 14.

ObjectiveTo determine maternal and fetal outcomes in postoperative women with rheumatic heart disease who become pregnant after valve surgery and evaluate current anticoagulation management during pregnancy.MethodsData from the Rwandan rheumatic heart disease cardiac surgical registry identified all female patients who underwent valve surgery before or during childbearing age since 2006. In total, 136 participants completed a mixed-methods questionnaire detailing each pregnancy after surgery, including anticoagulation regimen and outcomes.ResultsWe found that 38.2% (n = 136) of patients reported at least 1 pregnancy after surgery, of which more than one half were unintentional (53.9%, n = 52). Among those patients with mechanical valves, most remained on warfarin alone during pregnancy (58.5%, n = 53) whereas one third were switched to low molecular weight heparin during the first, second, or third trimesters (5 vs 4 vs 7, n = 18). Women with bioprosthetic valve replacement or valve repair were more likely to experience live term births (84.6% vs 45.3%, P < .01) and less likely to report spontaneous abortion (3.9% vs 30.2%, P < .01) compared with women with mechanical valve replacement. Excessive bleeding was the most common complication during pregnancy (9.1%, n = 79), and 2 infants were diagnosed with congenital defects associated with warfarin embryopathy (4.8%, n = 42).ConclusionsDespite preoperative counseling discouraging conception, many women with prosthetic valves still become pregnant after surgery. The results of this study will inform evidence-based and context-specific practices for anticoagulation during pregnancy in Rwanda and the region.Copyright © 2024 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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