• K Kaynar, L Alizade, Ö Uyar, S Mungan, and K Rashidzade.
• Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey.
• Hippokratia. 2023 Apr 1; 27 (2): 697169-71.

BackgroundThe prevalence of malignancies is higher among kidney transplant recipients (KTR) than general population. Although the incidence of renal cell cancer (RCC) after KTR was reported as 0.6 % with a high mortality rate of 13.9 %, none of the guidelines except the European Best Practice Guideline (EBPG) recommends RCC screening based on cost-effectiveness and lack of solid evidence. The EBPG recommends RCC screening in native kidneys (not the allograft) by ultrasonography (USG) every 1-3 years.Case DescriptionA 55-year-old male patient who had a kidney transplant from a living donor 14 years before, presented with sudden onset uncontrolled hypertension (180/110 mmHg) and rapid deterioration in graft functions (increase in serum creatinine to two-times baseline). Evaluations revealed RCC in the allograft. Abdominal pain, hematuria, fever, weight loss, flu-like syndrome, recurrent urinary tract infections, weakness, hypertension, and allograft dysfunction are reported as the main complaints and signs of RCC in KTR patients. Our patient's findings were hypertension and allograft dysfunction.ConclusionIt is essential to follow EBPG for KTR and not to forget the annual USG for screening of RCC both in native kidneys and allograft. HIPPOKRATIA 2023, 27 (2):69-71.Copyright 2023, Hippokratio General Hospital of Thessaloniki.

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