• Nys Willem Siebers and Luzius A Steiner.
• Clinic for Anaesthesia, Intermediate Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
• Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2024 Oct 1; 37 (5): 486492486-492.

Purpose Of ReviewTraumatic brain injury (TBI) presents complex clinical challenges, requiring a nuanced understanding of its pathophysiology and current management principles to improve patient outcomes. Anesthetists play a critical role in care and need to stay updated with recent evidence and trends to ensure high-quality treatment. The Brain Trauma Foundation Guidelines, last updated in 2016, have shown moderate adherence, and much of the current management relies on expert opinions. This literature review synthesizes the current evidence and provides insights into the role of anesthetists in TBI management.Recent FindingsRecent literature has emphasized the importance of tailored anesthetic management principles in treating TBI, focusing on minimizing secondary brain injury during neurosurgical interventions or extracranial surgery. Emerging trends include individualized intracranial pressure approaches and multimodal neuromonitoring for comprehensive assessment of cerebral physiology.SummaryAnesthesia for TBI patients requires a comprehensive approach that balances anesthetic goals with the unique pathophysiological factors of brain injury. Despite recent research expanding our understanding, challenges remain in standardizing protocols and addressing individual patient response variability. Adherence to established management principles, personalized approaches, and ongoing research is crucial for improving the outcomes.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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