• Takuji Yamamoto, Takeya Watabe, Shigeo Yamashiro, Kazuo Tokushige, Nobuyuki Nakajima, Yoshiki Arakawa, Yutaka Mine, and RICH-Trend Investigators.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Shizuoka Hospital, Izunokuni, Shizuoka, Japan. Electronic address: tyamamoto@med-juntendo.jp.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Sep 1; 189: e370e379e370-e379.

ObjectiveThe long history of treatment for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) includes the development of surgical procedures. However, few studies have demonstrated that surgery improved the functional outcome. The present study used the prospective Registry of Intracerebral hemorrhage treated by endoscopic hematoma evacuation of the outcomes in endoscopic surgery, which is widely followed in Japan, to try to establish clinical evidence.MethodsThe Registry of Intracerebral hemorrhage treated by endoscopic hematoma evacuation is a multicenter, prospective registry in Japan, and included 143 surgical cases treated by certified neurosurgeons. The etiology and the location of ICH was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses as follows: deep, surface, intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebellum, and surgical outcome.ResultsHematoma location was deep in 44.8% of cases, intraventricular hemorrhage in 19.6%, surface in 21.7%, and cerebellum in 14.0%. Most cases were treated in the ultraearly stage within 8 hours. Mean hematoma evacuation rate was 83.6% and median residual hematoma volume was 3.0 ml. Duration of surgery was median 78 minutes. Rebleeding as a complication was observed in 6.7%, but only 2.9% were symptomatic. 2 cases required reoperation. Favorable outcome at 6 months was achieved in 35.8% of cases, with a mortality rate of 5.6%.ConclusionsEndoscopic surgery for spontaneous ICH is safe and comparable to conventional surgery. The time required for the procedure was significantly reduced, demonstrating the minimally invasive character of the surgical burden. However, this study did not establish whether minimally invasive surgery is superior to conservative treatment. Future randomized controlled trials should clarify the effectiveness of the treatment.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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