• Mingfang Li, Joon Bum Kim, SastryB K SBKSDepartment of Cardiology, Renova Century Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India., and Minglong Chen.
• Division of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
• Lancet. 2024 Jul 27; 404 (10450): 377392377-392.

AbstractFirst described more than 350 years ago, infective endocarditis represents a global health concern characterised by infections affecting the native or prosthetic heart valves, the mural endocardium, a septal defect, or an indwelling cardiac device. Over recent decades, shifts in causation and epidemiology have been observed. Echocardiography remains pivotal in the diagnosis of infective endocarditis, with alternative imaging modalities gaining significance. Multidisciplinary management requiring expertise of cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, infectious disease specialists, microbiologists, radiologists and neurologists, is imperative. Current recommendations for clinical management often rely on observational studies, given the limited number of well conducted randomised controlled trials studying infective endocarditis due to the rarity of the disease. In this Seminar, we provide a comprehensive overview of optimal clinical practices in infective endocarditis, highlighting key aspects of pathophysiology, pathogens, diagnosis, management, prevention, and multidisciplinary approaches, providing updates on recent research findings and addressing remaining controversies in diagnostic accuracy, prevention strategies, and optimal treatment.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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