• Cristina Diaz-Navarro, Iago Enjo-Perez, Esther Leon-Castelao, Andrew Hadfield, Jose M Nicolas-Arfelis, and Pedro Castro-Rebollo.
• Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, UK.
• Br J Anaesth. 2024 Oct 1; 133 (4): 853861853-861.

BackgroundDebriefing in operating theatre environments leads to benefits in mortality, efficiency, productivity, and safety culture; however, it is still not regularly performed. TALK© is a simple and widely applicable team self-debriefing method to collaboratively learn and improve.MethodsAn interventional study introducing TALK© for voluntary clinical debriefing was carried out in operating theatre environments in a UK National Health Service hospital over 18 months. It explored compliance with the Five Steps to Safer Surgery and changes in behaviour in surgical teams regarding consideration and completion of debriefing.ResultsTeam briefing and compliance with the WHO surgical safety checklist were performed consistently (>95% and >98%, respectively) throughout the study, which included 460 surgical lists. Consideration of debriefing increased at all data collection periods after intervention, from 35.6% to 60.3-97.4% (P≤0.003). Performance of debriefing, which was 23.3% at baseline, reached 39% at 6 months (P=0.039). Team planning of actions for improvement during debriefing also increased (P<0.001). A decline in performance of debriefing and subsequent improvement actions was observed after 6 months, albeit rates were above baseline at 18 months. The most reported reason not to carry out a debriefing was 'lack of issues'. After implementation, nurses and allied healthcare professionals increased their contribution to initiating and leading debriefing. Reported barriers were <18% at baseline, and decreased after intervention.ConclusionsA simple intervention introducing TALK© for voluntary debriefing in theatres prompted significant changes in team behaviour and sustained growth regarding consideration and performance of debriefing, especially in the first 6 months.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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