• Pauline Beurier, Charles-Antoine Dallevet, Eolia Brissot, Clément Cholet, Aline Santin, François Lionnet, Olivier Fain, Arsène Mekinian, and on behalf MINHEMON.
• Service de médecine interne et Inflammation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DMU i3), CEREMAIAA, hôpital Saint-Antoine, AP-HP, Sorbonne université, 75012 Paris, France.
• Rev Med Interne. 2024 Aug 1; 45 (8): 512515512-515.

IntroductionPeriarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a vasculitis affecting medium-vessel and may be associated with myelodysplastic syndrome. This association needs a simultaneous treatment of the vascular and the hematological disease. However limited data are available on the benefit of hematological treatment, and in particular allogeneic stem cell transplantation, in this situation.Case ReportA 32-year-old patient with refractory periarteritis nodosa and simultaneous myelodysplastic syndrome, was treated with chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell allograft. The symptoms relating to PAN improved, allowing to decrease the dose of prednisone down to 5mg/d. However, a hematological relapse occurred two months later leading to the patient's death.ConclusionHematopoietic stem cell allograft may represent a therapeutic option in the management of severe or refractory autoimmune diseases when the hematological indication is retained.Copyright © 2024 Société Nationale Française de Médecine Interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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