• Jennifer Eitingon, Danielle Doberman, Zackary Berger, and Corey Xavier Tapper.
• Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
• J Eval Clin Pract. 2024 Aug 6.

RationaleThe Joint Commission emphasizes the importance of cultural competence and effective communication in quality medical care, particularly during end-of-life (EOL), when decisions are influenced by diverse cultural and religious backgrounds. For Orthodox Jewish patients, the philosophical framework used for EOL decision-making may conflict with that used in traditional Western medical ethics. In this paper, we explore the complexities of EOL decision-making for devout Jewish patients and highlight how approaches may differ from a Western ethical framework.Aims And ObjectivesThis paper aims to familiarize clinicians with EOL preferences of Orthodox Jewish patients, organized into an ethical framework called 'casuistic deontology'. Leading with an open-minded approach emphasizing cultural humility, we explore ways in which integrating this perspective can allow for culturally appropriate and compassionate EOL care.MethodUsing a case study methodology, we focus on a 79-year-old Orthodox Jewish male hospitalized with severe injuries. The patient's medical course is analyzed, highlighting how the decisions made by his family in consultation with their Rabbi may differ from the decisions made with a philosophy of a Western ethical framework.Results And ConclusionThis case illustrates the ethical tensions that may arise when Western medical practices intersect with Orthodox Jewish beliefs, particularly regarding brain death, resuscitation, and artificial nutrition. We underscore the need for cultural sensitivity when approaching EOL decision-making, allowing for compassionate and comprehensive care that respects religious perspectives. This paper helps provide a structure for clinicians to navigate the complex EOL care needs for the devout Jewish patient in a manner consistent with their cultural and religious identity.© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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