• Xin Lian, Si Liu, Jie Zhang, Lei Pang, Xuemei Yi, and Gang Wang.
• Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Aug 2; 103 (31): e39124e39124.

RationaleRenal artery rupture due to allograft infection, especially by fungi, is a serious clinical complication that can occur after kidney transplantation, and may lead to graft loss and death.Patient ConcernsTwo kidney recipients from China who developed renal artery rupture at our hospital on 5 days (47-year-old female) and 45 days (39-year-old male) after surgery.DiagnosesThe male had immunoglobulin A nephropathy as a primary disease, and experienced a postoperative attack of vascular rejection and mixed infection by Mucor and bacteria. The female had chronic glomerulonephritis as a primary disease, and experienced renal artery rupture near the anastomosis site with infection by fungi and other pathogens.InterventionsThe male received resection of the implanted kidney and antibiotic therapy with intravenous vancomycin (0.5 g, 2 days) and amphotericin B (530 mg in 33 days). The female received replacing the segment of renal arterial and internal iliac artery by saphenous vein, as well as antibiotic therapy with amphotericin B (320 mg in 8 days).OutcomesThe male was recovered and received a second transplantation, while the female was discharged on postoperative day 19.LessonsIn both patients, prompt surgery and aggressive treatment with an antifungal drug (amphotericin B) and antidrugs led to successful rescue.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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