• Yutong Yuan, Fengzhou Du, Yiding Xiao, Jiuzuo Huang, and Xiao Long.
• Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Aug 2; 103 (31): e39074e39074.

RationaleComplications associated with breast implants pose a significant obstacle to improving the quality of life for patients undergoing implant-based breast reconstruction. Due to the intricate nature of their presentation, diagnosis often becomes challenging and perplexing. Herein, we present a case report detailing the diagnostic and therapeutic processes employed in managing implant-related complications in a patient with multiple malignancies who underwent immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy.Patent ConcernsThe patient, a 48-year-old woman, presented with severe pain and hardening in her left breast. She had previously undergone nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate implant-based breast reconstruction 3 years ago.DiagnosesUpon admission, we suspected a simple diagnosis of capsular contracture. However, upon investigation, she had a medical history of colon cancer, breast cancer, and acute B-lymphoblastic leukemia. Furthermore, she recently experienced nipple hemorrhage.InterventionsConsidering her clinical manifestations, we postulated the possibility of tumor recurrence along with potential presence of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The situation took a new turn, as diagnostic imaging techniques including breast MRI, and ultrasound revealed indications of potential prosthesis rupture and periprosthetic infection.OutcomesUltimately, en bloc capsulectomy with implant removal was performed, revealing no evidence of implant rupture or infection but rather indicating delayed hematoma formation.LessonsAn accurate diagnosis of complications associated with breast prosthesis reconstruction is crucial for effective treatment. The examination and treatment processes employed in this case offer valuable insights toward achieving a more precise diagnosis of prosthesis-related complications, particularly in patients with complex medical histories.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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