• Rahem Rahmati, Elahe Meftah, Hamed Hamidi, and Fatemeh Esfahanian.
• Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Aug 9; 103 (32): e38928e38928.

Rationale3P association (3PA) is a rare condition with co-occurrence of pituitary adenoma and pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. There have been less than a hundred documented cases of 3PA, which can be sporadic or related to genetic mutations. The present case report describes the first Iranian patient with 3PA and a 90th case of 3PA in the available literature.Patient Concerns And InterventionsA 36-year-old Caucasian male was admitted with headache and sudden increase in blood pressure. An abdominal CT scan revealed a retroperitoneal mass posterior to the inferior vena cava, later removed and diagnosed as a pheochromocytoma. Four years later, he noticed occasional mild headaches and a painless mass on the right side of his neck. The ultrasonography evaluations suggested a carotid body tumor, which was surgically removed. About a month after his second surgery, the severity of the patient's headaches worsened, and he developed right homonymous hemianopia. A brain MRI showed a mass in favor of macroadenoma, craniopharyngioma, or meningioma, and elevated prolactin level led to the diagnosis of macroprolactinoma.DiagnosesBased on the provided history, this patient was diagnosed with 3PA, and a genetic study identified a positive succinate-dehydrogenase-complex subunit b mutation, possibly linked to his family history of carotid body tumor.OutcomesHe has remained symptom-free during his visits every 3 months.LessonsThe number of cases diagnosed with 3PA worldwide is increasing. Using clinical and genetic assessments, we can timely diagnose and adequately monitor individuals with or at risk of 3PA.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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