• Medicine · Aug 2024

    Case Reports

    Systemic contact dermatitis in a family: Case report.

    • Guang-Mei Sun, Ting-Ting Li, Jin-Mei Zhang, Hai-Yan Liu, Yan-Li Xu, and Bao-Xiang Zhang.
    • Department of Dermatology, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Qingzhou, Weifang, Shandong Province, China.
    • Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Aug 16; 103 (33): e39272e39272.

    BackgroundSystemic contact dermatitis (SCD) is an allergic inflammatory skin disease. We report that 3 family members developed SCD after exposing to laundry detergent containing benzalkonium chloride, which is rare. SCD caused by benzalkonium chloride has been reported. However, Similar symptoms in the whole family caused by it have not been reported yet. In our case, a 36-year-old man was diagnosed as SCD, and his symptoms had not controlled after 7 days treatment, until he stopped dressing the clothes washed by the laundry detergent containing benzalkonium chloride. It was interesting that both his wife and the daughter developed SCD successively, and they have not exposed to any haptens besides the benzalkonium chloride in the laundry detergent.MethodsDermoscopic examination showed bright-red background, focal branching vessels and white scales. HE staining from the lesion revealed hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis, focal subcorneal microabscess, ocal hyperkeratosis, koilocyte in the epidermis, and erythrocyte extravasation, fibroplasia, hyaline degeneration and scattered aggregates of lymphocytes in the dermis. Then path test was performed 1 month after recovery with benzalkonium chloride 0.05% and 0.1% in petrolatum.ResultsStop the laundry detergent containing benzalkonium chloride. The symptoms had controlled after they stopped the laundry detergent containing benzalkonium chloride.ConclusionThe case highlights that benzalkonium chloride with very low concentration and repeated exposure may be an active agent of SCD. It is of the utmost importance to pay close attention to patients presenting with similar symptoms within the family. A thorough examination of the medical history is essential to determine the underlying cause.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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