• Paul J Karanicolas, Yulia Lin, Stuart A McCluskey, Jordan Tarshis, Kevin E Thorpe, Alice Wei, Elijah Dixon, Geoff Porter, Prosanto Chaudhury, Sulaiman Nanji, Leyo Ruo, Melanie E Tsang, Anton Skaro, Gareth Eeson, Sean Cleary, Carol-Anne Moulton, Chad G Ball, Julie Hallet, Natalie Coburn, Pablo E Serrano, Shiva Jayaraman, Calvin Law, Ved Tandan, Gonzalo Sapisochin, David Nagorney, Douglas Quan, Rory Smoot, Steven Gallinger, Peter Metrakos, Trevor W Reichman, Diederick Jalink, Sean Bennett, Francis Sutherland, Edward Solano, Michele Molinari, Ephraim S Tang, Susanne G Warner, Oliver F Bathe, Jeffrey Barkun, Michael L Kendrick, Mark Truty, Rachel Roke, Grace Xu, Myriam Lafreniere-Roula, Gordon Guyatt, and HPB CONCEPT Team.
• Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
• JAMA. 2024 Oct 1; 332 (13): 108010891080-1089.

ImportanceTranexamic acid reduces bleeding and blood transfusion in many types of surgery, but its effect in patients undergoing liver resection for a cancer-related indication remains unclear.ObjectiveTo determine whether tranexamic acid reduces red blood cell transfusion within 7 days of liver resection.Design, Setting, And ParticipantsMulticenter randomized clinical trial of tranexamic acid vs placebo conducted from December 1, 2014, to November 8, 2022, at 10 hepatopancreaticobiliary sites in Canada and 1 site in the United States, with 90-day follow-up. Participants, clinicians, and data collectors were blinded to allocation. A volunteer sample of 1384 patients undergoing liver resection for a cancer-related indication met eligibility criteria and consented to randomization.InterventionsTranexamic acid (1-g bolus followed by 1-g infusion over 8 hours; n = 619) or matching placebo (n = 626) beginning at induction of anesthesia.Main Outcomes And MeasuresThe primary outcome was receipt of red blood cell transfusion within 7 days of surgery.ResultsThe primary analysis included 1245 participants (mean age, 63.2 years; 39.8% female; 56.1% with a diagnosis of colorectal liver metastases). Perioperative characteristics were similar between groups. Red blood cell transfusion occurred in 16.3% of participants (n = 101) in the tranexamic acid group and 14.5% (n = 91) in the placebo group (odds ratio, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.84-1.56]; P = .38; absolute difference, 2% [95% CI, -2% to 6%]). Measured intraoperative blood loss (tranexamic acid, 817.3 mL; placebo, 836.7 mL; P = .75) and total estimated blood loss over 7 days (tranexamic acid, 1504.0 mL; placebo, 1551.2 mL; P = .38) were similar between groups. Participants receiving tranexamic acid experienced significantly more complications compared with placebo (odds ratio, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.02-1.60]; P = .03), with no significant difference in venous thromboembolism (odds ratio, 1.68 [95% CI, 0.95-3.07]; P = .08).Conclusions And RelevanceAmong patients undergoing liver resection for a cancer-related indication, tranexamic acid did not reduce bleeding or blood transfusion but increased perioperative complications.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02261415.

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