• Emily L Errante, Taylor Smartz, Meredith C Costello, Ericka A Schaeffer, Andrew J Kloehn, Yunga TigreJosephJThe Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA., Aisha Khan, Yelena Pressman, Allan D Levi, and S Shelby Burks.
• The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
• Mil Med. 2024 Aug 19; 189 (Suppl 3): 636663-66.

IntroductionPeripheral nerve injury (PNI) occurs in approximately 3% of all trauma patients and can be challenging to treat, particularly when injury is severe such as with a long-segmental gap. Although peripheral nerves can regenerate after injury, functional recovery is often insufficient, leading to deficits in the quality of life of patients with PNI. Although nerve autografts are the gold standard of care, there are several disadvantages to their use, namely a lack of autologous nerve material for repair. This has led to the pursuit of alternative treatment methods such as axon guidance channels (AGCs). Second-generation AGCs have been shown to be able to deliver growth-enhancing substrates for nerve repair directly to the injury site. Although our laboratory has had success with second-generation AGCs filled with Schwann cells (SCs), SCs have their own set of issues clinically. Because of this, we have begun to utilize SC-derived exosomes as an alternative, as they have the appropriate protein markers, associate to axons in high concentrations, and are able to improve nerve regeneration. However, it is unknown how SC-derived exosomes may react within second-generation AGCs; thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the ability of SC-derived exosomes to be loaded into a second-generation AGC and how they would distribute within it.Materials And MethodsA total of 4 dry second-generation AGCs were loaded with SC-derived exosomes that were derived from green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled SCs. They were subsequently frozen and sliced before imaging.ResultsHere, we present findings that SC-derived exosomes can be loaded into second-generation AGCs through our established loading method utilizing negative pressure and are able to survive and equally distribute along the length of the AGC.ConclusionsAlthough only 4 second-generation AGCs were utilized, these findings indicate a potential use for SC-derived exosomes within second-generation AGCs to treat severe PNI. Future research should focus on exploring this in greater detail and in different contexts to assess the ability of SC-derived exosomes to survive at the site of injury and treat PNI.Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States 2024. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US.

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