• Hamdi Lamine, Nikolaos Markou-Pappas, Luca Ragazzoni, and Marta Caviglia.
• CRIMEDIM - Center for Research and Training in Disaster Medicine, Humanitarian Aid and GlobalHealth, Università del Piemonte Orientale IT, Vercelli, Italy. hamdi.lamine@uniupo.it.
• Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2024 Aug 22.

PurposeThe aim of this study is to investigate the opinions and perspectives of The Novel Integrated Toolkit for Enhanced Prehospital Life Support and Triage in Challenging and Large Emergencies (NIGHTINGALE) end-users and tool developers regarding Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and benchmarks that assess the prehospital response to Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs) enhanced by the NIT-MR.MethodsA qualitative study employing focus group discussions was conducted to collect opinions and perspectives of end-users and tool developers regarding KPIs and benchmarks in MCI response using the NIT-MR. The criteria considered for the selection and distribution of participants within the groups was the nature of their involvement within the NIGHTINGALE project and their familiarity with the tools to be discussed.ResultsThirty-one participants from different countries were included. Four themes emerged during data analysis which are: definition/explanation is the personal understanding of participants of the term KPI, process of KPI development and relationship with User Requirements is the decision process for assigning KPIs to user requirements, benchmarking is the mental process of associating a benchmark to a KPI or for developing a benchmark, and technical/medical gap is the gap of understanding between each sides' fields.ConclusionThis study emphasized the need for a structured approach to using KPIs and bridging the gap between technological and medical worlds, taking the NIGHTINGALE project, funded by the European Union, which aims to develop a technological toolkit for first responders in mass casualty incidents as an example. These insights are crucial for enhancing disaster response.© 2024. The Author(s).

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