• Haw Hwai, Yi-Ju Ho, Chih-Hung Wang, and Chien-Hua Huang.
• Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan. Electronic address: hh4832@gmail.com.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2024 Aug 28.

AbstractIn the rapidly evolving healthcare landscape, artificial intelligence (AI), particularly the large language models (LLMs), like OpenAI's Chat Generative Pretrained Transformer (ChatGPT), has shown transformative potential in emergency medicine and critical care. This review article highlights the advancement and applications of ChatGPT, from diagnostic assistance to clinical documentation and patient communication, demonstrating its ability to perform comparably to human professionals in medical examinations. ChatGPT could assist clinical decision-making and medication selection in critical care, showcasing its potential to optimize patient care management. However, integrating LLMs into healthcare raises legal, ethical, and privacy concerns, including data protection and the necessity for informed consent. Finally, we addressed the challenges related to the accuracy of LLMs, such as the risk of providing incorrect medical advice. These concerns underscore the importance of ongoing research and regulation to ensure their ethical and practical use in healthcare.Copyright © 2024 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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