• Chao Ding and Yanqiu Li.
• Department of Hematology, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Sep 6; 103 (36): e39267e39267.

RationalePOEMS syndrome is a rare monoclonal plasma cell disease. The diagnosis of POEMS requires polyradiculoneuropathy and monoclonal plasma proliferating as 2 mandatory criteria, at least 1 of the major criteria (Castleman disease, elevated vascular endothelial growth factor level, and sclerotic bone lesion), and at least 1 of the minor criteria (organomegaly, extravascular volume overload, endocrinopathy, skin changes, papilledema, and thrombocytosis/polycythemia). This multisystem disorder is of high heterogeneity, and few variants of POEMS with no evidence of monoclonal gammopathy have been described, which further complicates the diagnosis in clinical practice. Now, we report a case of paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome.Patients ConcernsA 45-year-old woman complained of lower extremity edema, shortness of breath, abdominal distension, and lymphadenopathy for few years. Finally, she was diagnosed with paraprotein-negative POEMS syndrome. With the lenalidomide-based regimen, the symptoms were all relieved.DiagnosisParaprotein-negative POEMS syndrome.InterventionLenalidomide-based regimen and some supportive therapy.OutcomeAll symptoms were relieved after 1 year of treatment.LessonsPhysicians should pay more attention to the POEMS syndrome, especially the POEMS syndrome variants, which are absence of paraprotein; probably, these variants are just "on the way" to classic POEMS syndrome antiplasma cell therapy, which remains the treatment of choice.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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