• Fabian T Spindler, Sarah Ettinger, D. A. F. Scientific committee, and Sebastian F Baumbach.
• Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Musculoskeletal University Center Munich (MUM), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Ziemssenstraße 5, 80336, Munich, Germany.
• Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2024 Sep 11.

IntroductionHallux valgus deformity severity is one determent for the surgical procedure for hallux valgus (HV) correction. HV deformities are usually classified into mild/moderate/severe. The aim was to investigate the cut-off criteria used to classify HV deformity.Materials And MethodsThe study was based on a previous living systematic review. Four common databases were searched for the last decade. All review-steps were conducted by two reviewers. Data assessed were the individual cut-off values used to classify HV deformity into mild/moderate/severe, and the referenced classification systems.Results46 studies were included. 21/18 studies grade deformity based on the intermetatarsal angle (IMA)/ hallux valgus angle (HVA) with great heterogeneity throughout the different cut-off values. The most referenced classification systems were the Coughlin and Mann's and the Robinson classification.ConclusionsThe currently used classification systems are heterogenic, and no standard could be defined. The community should define a uniform classification system.Level Of EvidenceLevel I, systematic review of randomized controlled trials and prospective comparative studies.© 2024. The Author(s).

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