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Review Case Reports
A Concise Guide to D-Wave Monitoring during Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumour Surgery.
- Santos Nicolás Zurita Perea, Pablo Abel Alvarez Abut, and Kathleen Seidel.
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Privado Universitario de Córdoba, Córdoba X5016, Argentina.
- Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Jul 30; 60 (8).
AbstractD-waves (also called direct waves) result from the direct activation of fast-conducting, thickly myelinated corticospinal tract (CST) fibres after a single electrical stimulus. During intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, D-waves are used to assess the long-term motor outcomes of patients undergoing surgery for intramedullary spinal cord tumours, selected cases of intradural extramedullary tumours and surgery for syringomyelia. In the present manuscript, we discuss D-wave monitoring and its role as a tool for monitoring the CST during spinal cord surgery. We describe the neurophysiological background and provide some recommendations for recording and stimulation, as well as possible future perspectives. Further, we introduce the concept of anti D-wave and present an illustrative case with successful recordings.
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