• RichardJean-Christophe MJM0000-0003-4721-6602Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Vent'Lab, CHU d'Angers, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France. Jcmb.richard@gmail.com.Med2Lab, ALMS, Antony, France. Jcmb.richard@gmail.com., François M Beloncle, Gaëtan Béduneau, Satar Mortaza, Stephan Ehrmann, Jean-Luc Diehl, Gwenaël Prat, Samir Jaber, Hassene Rahmani, Jean Reignier, Thierry Boulain, Hodane Yonis, Jack Richecoeur, Arnaud W Thille, Pierre-Louis Declercq, Emmanuel Antok, Guillaume Carteaux, Bruno Vielle, Laurent Brochard, Alain Mercat, and REVA network.
• Médecine Intensive, Réanimation, Vent'Lab, CHU d'Angers, University Hospital of Angers, Angers, France. Jcmb.richard@gmail.com.
• Intensive Care Med. 2024 Oct 1; 50 (10): 164716561647-1656.

PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the effect of a pressure-controlled strategy allowing non-synchronised unassisted spontaneous ventilation (PC-SV) to a conventional volume assist-control strategy (ACV) on the outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).MethodsOpen-label randomised clinical trial in 22 intensive care units (ICU) in France. Seven hundred adults with moderate or severe ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 200 mmHg) were enrolled from February 2013 to October 2018. Patients were randomly assigned to PC-SV (n = 348) or ACV (n = 352) with similar objectives of tidal volume (6 mL/kg predicted body weight) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Paralysis was stopped after 24 h and sedation adapted to favour patients' spontaneous ventilation. The primary endpoint was in-hospital death from any cause at day 60.ResultsHospital mortality [34.6% vs 33.5%, p = 0.77, risk ratio (RR) = 1.03 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.84-1.27)], 28-day mortality, as well as the number of ventilator-free days and organ failure-free days at day 28 did not differ between PC-SV and ACV groups. Patients in the PC-SV group received significantly less sedation and neuro-muscular blocking agents than in the ACV group. A lower proportion of patients required adjunctive therapy of hypoxemia (including prone positioning) in the PC-SV group than in the ACV group [33.1% vs 41.3%, p = 0.03, RR = 0.80 (95% CI 0.66-0.98)]. The incidences of pneumothorax and refractory hypoxemia did not differ between the groups.ConclusionsA strategy based on PC-SV mode that favours spontaneous ventilation reduced the need for sedation and adjunctive therapies of hypoxemia but did not significantly reduce mortality compared to ACV with similar tidal volume and PEEP levels.© 2024. The Author(s).

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