• Ane Johannessen, Christer Janson, Ferenc Macsali, Cecilie Svanes, Robert B Sothern, Bryndis Benediktsdottir, Line Bjørge, Julia Dratva, Karl A Franklin, Mathias Holm, Ernst R Omenaas, Vivi Schlünssen, Elizabeth Zemp, and Francisco Gómez Real.
• Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway. ferenc.macsali@med.uib.no.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.. 2013 Feb 15;187(4):366-73.

RationaleThere is little knowledge of variations in respiratory symptoms during the menstrual cycle in a general population, and potential modifying factors are not investigated.ObjectivesTo investigate menstrual cycle variation in respiratory symptoms in a large general population, using chronobiology methodology, and stratifying by body mass index (BMI), smoking, and asthma status.MethodsA total of 3,926 women with regular cycles less than or equal to 28 days and not taking exogenous sex hormones answered a postal questionnaire regarding the first day of their last menstruation and respiratory symptoms in the last 3 days. Moving 4-day means were computed to smooth uneven records of daily sampling; best-fitting 28-day composite cosine curves were applied to each time series to describe rhythmicity.Measurements And Main ResultsSignificant rhythmic variations over the menstrual cycle were found in each symptom for all subjects and subgroups. Wheezing was higher on cycle Days 10-22, with a midcycle dip near the time of putative ovulation (approximately Days 14-16) in most subgroups. Shortness of breath was higher on days 7-21, with a dip just before midcycle in many subgroups. Cough was higher just after putative ovulation for subjects with asthma, BMI greater than or equal to 23 kg/m(2), and smokers, or just before ovulation and menses onset for low symptomatic subgroups.ConclusionsRespiratory symptoms varied significantly during the menstrual cycle and were most frequent from the midluteal to midfollicular stages, often with a dip near the time of ovulation. The patterns varied by BMI, smoking, and asthma status. These relations link respiratory symptoms with hormonal changes through the menstrual cycle and imply a potential for individualized chronotherapy for respiratory diseases.

20 keywords...

hide…