• Hisanori Gamada, Toru Funayama, Tomoyuki Asada, Yusuke Setojima, Takane Nakagawa, Takahiro Sunami, Kotaro Sakashita, Yosuke Ogata, Shun Okuwaki, Kaishi Ogawa, Yosuke Shibao, Hiroshi Kumagai, Katsuya Nagashima, Kengo Fujii, Yosuke Takeuchi, Masaki Tatsumura, Itsuo Shiina, Masafumi Uesugi, and Masao Koda.
• Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan.
• Eur Spine J. 2024 Sep 2.

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the difference in treatment duration and unplanned additional surgeries between patients with unidentified causative organisms on empiric antibiotics and those with identified organisms on selective antibiotics in treating thoracolumbar pyogenic spondylitis with minimally invasive posterior fixation.MethodsThis multicenter retrospective cohort study included patients with thoracolumbar pyogenic spondylitis refractory to conservative treatment who underwent minimally invasive posterior fixation. Patients were divided into the identified (known causative organism) and unidentified groups (unknown causative organism). We analyzed data on demographics, antibiotic use, surgical outcomes, and infection control indicators.ResultsWe included 74 patients, with 52 (70%) and 22 (30%) in the identified and unidentified groups, respectively. On admission, the identified group had higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and more iliopsoas abscesses. The duration to postoperative CRP negative was similar in the identified and unidentified groups (7.13 vs. 6.48 weeks, p = 0.74). Only the identified group had unplanned additional surgeries due to poor infection control, affecting 6 of 52 patients (12%). Advanced age and causative organism identification increased the additional surgery odds (odds ratio [OR], 8.25; p = 0.033 and OR, 6.83; p = 0.034, respectively).ConclusionThe use of empiric antibiotics in minimally invasive posterior fixation was effective without identifying the causative organism and did not prolong treatment duration. In patients with identified organisms, 12% required unplanned additional surgery, indicating a more challenging infection control. Causative organism identification was associated with the need for additional surgery, suggesting a more cautious treatment strategy for these patients.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.

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