• Jorge Correale, Andrew J Solomon, Jeffrey A Cohen, Brenda L Banwell, Fernando Gracia, Tirisham V Gyang, Fernando Hamuy Diaz de Bedoya, Mary P Harnegie, Bernhard Hemmer, Anu Jacob, Ho Jin Kim, Ruth Ann Marrie, Farrah J Mateen, Scott D Newsome, Lekha Pandit, Naraporn Prayoonwiwat, Mohammad A Sahraian, Douglas K Sato, Deanna Saylor, Fu-Dong Shi, Aksel Siva, Kevin Tan, Shanthi Viswanathan, Mike P Wattjes, Brian Weinshenker, Bassem Yamout, and Kazuo Fujihara.
• Department of Neurology, Fleni, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biological Chemistry and Biophysics, CONICET/University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address: jcorreale@fleni.org.ar.
• Lancet Neurol. 2024 Oct 1; 23 (10): 103510491035-1049.

AbstractThe differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis can present specific challenges in patients from Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, eastern Europe, southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific. In these areas, environmental factors, genetic background, and access to medical care can differ substantially from those in North America and western Europe, where multiple sclerosis is most common. Furthermore, multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria have been developed primarily using data from North America and western Europe. Although some diagnoses mistaken for multiple sclerosis are common regardless of location, a comprehensive approach to the differential diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, eastern Europe, southeast Asia, and the Western Pacific regions requires special consideration of diseases that are prevalent in those locations. A collaborative effort has therefore assessed global differences in multiple sclerosis differential diagnoses and proposed recommendations for evaluating patients with suspected multiple sclerosis in regions beyond North America and western Europe.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.

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