• Masoud Dehbozorgi, Mohammad Reza Maghsoudi, Shahryar Rajai, Ida Mohammadi, Aida Rezaei Nejad, Mohammad Ali Rafiei, Sana Soltani, Arman Shafiee, and Mahmood Bakhtiyari.
• The Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, Aachen, Germany.
• Am J Emerg Med. 2024 Sep 3; 86: 212921-29.

BackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) afflicts 69 million individuals annually, resulting in numerous neuropsychiatric sequelae. Here, we investigate the possible relation between TBI and depression.Methodsan online database search of Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted on November 3rd, 2023 for observational studies investigating post-TBI depressive symptoms incidence or comparing the prevalence of depressive symptoms between TBI and non-TBI individuals.Resultsa total of 43 studies were included in our review, 15 of which reported novel cases of depressive symptomology post-TBI and 34 of which compared depressive symptoms in TBI participants with non-TBI participants. Our meta-analysis showed an incidence of 13 % among 724,842 TBI participants, and a relative risk of 2.10 when comparing 106,083 TBI patients to 323,666 non-TBI controls. 11 of the 43 included studies were deemed as having a high risk of bias. Sensitivity analysis showed our findings to be robust and no publication bias was detected using Egger's regression test.ConclusionIndividuals suffering from TBI are almost twice as likely to develop depressive symptomology compared to non-TBI individuals.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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