• Amélie Vromant, Karine Alamé, Clémentine Cassard, Ben Bloom, Oscar Miró, and Yonathan Freund.
• Emergency Department, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP).
• Eur J Emerg Med. 2024 Dec 1; 31 (6): 423428423-428.

Background And ImportanceGender bias in healthcare can significantly influence clinical decision-making, potentially leading to disparities in treatment outcomes. This study addresses the impact of patient gender on the decision-making process for establishing a ceiling of care in emergency medicine, particularly the decision to limit tracheal intubation.ObjectiveTo determine whether patient gender influences emergency physicians' decisions regarding the recommendation for tracheal intubation in critically ill patients.DesignA European survey-based study was conducted using a standardized clinical scenario to assess physicians' decisions in a controlled setting.Settings And ParticipantsThe survey targeted European emergency physicians over a 2-week period in April 2024. A total of 3423 physicians participated, with a median age of 40 years and a distribution of 46% women. Physicians were presented with a clinical vignette of a 75-year-old patient in acute respiratory distress. The vignettes were randomized to vary only by the patient's gender (woman/man) and level of functional status: (1) can grocery shop alone, (2) cannot grocery shop alone but can bathe independently, or (3) cannot perform either task independently.Outcome Measures And AnalysisThe primary outcome was the recommendation for intubation, with secondary analyses exploring the influence of patient functional status levels. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for potential confounders, including physician gender, age, experience, and practice setting.Main ResultsA total of 3423 physicians responded, mostly from France, Spain, Italy, and the UK (1,532, 494, 247, and 245 respectively). Women patients were less likely to be intubated compared to male patients [67.9% vs. 71.7%; difference 3.81%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.7-6.9%]. The likelihood of recommending intubation decreased with lower levels of patient functional status. Women physician gender was also associated with a reduced likelihood of recommending intubation.ConclusionThis study suggests a significant gender-based disparity in emergency care decision-making, with women patients being less likely to receive recommendations for intubation. However, these results should be interpreted with caution due to potential limitations in the representativity of respondents and the uncertain applicability of survey responses to real-life clinical practice.Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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