• Tianying Li, Yani Guo, Dan Lyu, Jingyi Xue, Mingwei Sheng, Lili Jia, Xin Jin, Wenli Yu, Yiqi Weng, and Yuli Wu.
• School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
• BMC Anesthesiol. 2024 Sep 28; 24 (1): 339339.

AimThis study aimed to compile data on the effectiveness of music therapy for patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.BackgroundAfter cardiac and thoracic surgery, patients often experience physiological and psychological complications, such as anxiety, pain, stress, depression and changes in vital signs, which have a great impact on prognosis.MethodsA systematic search of six databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials investigating music therapy and cardiothoracic surgery. The data were extracted from the qualified research, the data without heterogeneity were analysed by random-effects model (REM) meta-analysis, and the data with heterogeneity were analysed by fixed-effects model (FEM) meta-analysis. We evaluated anxiety, pain, duration of mechanical ventilation, hospital length of stay, stress hormones, opioid consumption, and vital signs, including heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), oxygen saturation (SpO2), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) after cardiothoracic surgery. The meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed with RevMan 5.4 and Stata 14 software, and trial sequential analysis was conducted using TSA 0.9.5.10 Beta software. This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO.ResultsThe study included 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 1576 patients. Our analysis showed that music therapy can significantly reduce the anxiety scores (SMD= -0.74, 95% CI [-0.96, -0.53], p < 0.01) and pain scores (SMD= -1.21, 95% CI [-1.78, -0.65], p < 0.01) of patients after cardiothoracic surgery. Compared with the control group, music therapy dramatically raised postoperative SpO2 (SMD = 0.75, 95% CI [0.11, 1.39], p = 0.02). In addition, the experimental group had significant statistical significance in reducing HR, SBP and opioid consumption. However, there was no significant difference in respiratory rate, stress hormones, diastolic blood pressure, length of hospital stay, or the duration of mechanical ventilation between the two groups.ConclusionsMusic therapy can significantly reduce anxiety, pain, HR, SBP, and postoperative opioid use and even improve SpO2 in patients who undergo cardiothoracic surgery. Music therapy has a positive effect on patients after cardiothoracic surgery with few side effects, so it is promising for use in clinics.Trial RegistrationRROSPERO (registration number: CRD42023424602).© 2024. The Author(s).

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