• Wei Chard Chua, Yi-Lung Chen, Cheng-Fang Yen, and Hsiu-Lin Chen.
• Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
• J Formos Med Assoc. 2024 Oct 1.

BackgroundTaiwan had high cesarean rate which exceeded the recommended threshold (15%), set by WHO. However, there have not a comprehensive study to discuss the long-term offspring consequences of cesarean section (CS). This study aimed to show whether allergy disorders, obesity and respiratory infection of children are associated with modes of delivery, using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan.MethodsThis study used the maternal and child health database of NHIRD. We included the children who birth between 2004 and 2013 and inter-linked the database of the mother and children. The participants were followed until 2018/12/31. We performed a Cox proportional hazards model to identify the association of CS with respiratory tract infection, allergy disorder, and obesity diagnosed in childhood.ResultsCS significantly increased the risk of developed childhood asthma (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.03), allergy rhinitis (aHR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.04-1.05), atopic dermatitis (aHR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.04-1.06), respiratory tract infection (aHR = 1.07; 95% CI: 1.06-1.07) and overweight (aHR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.18-1.40) even after adjusting with confounding factor. Development of food allergy (aHR = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.87-1.47) was not associated with cesarean section.ConclusionThis study indicated that children delivered by CS more commonly developed respiratory tract infections, asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, obesity than children delivered vaginally. Among these, obesity have a stronger association with cesarean section.Copyright © 2024 Formosan Medical Association. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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