• Emily N C Manoogian, Michael J Wilkinson, Monica O'Neal, Kyla Laing, Justina Nguyen, David Van, Ashley Rosander, Aryana Pazargadi, Nikko R Gutierrez, Jason G Fleischer, Shahrokh Golshan, Satchidananda Panda, and Pam R Taub.
• Regulatory Biology, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California (E.N.C.M., M.O., K.L., N.R.G., S.P.).
• Ann. Intern. Med. 2024 Nov 1; 177 (11): 146214701462-1470.

BackgroundTime-restricted eating (TRE), limiting daily dietary intake to a consistent 8 to 10 hours without mandating calorie reduction, may provide cardiometabolic benefits.ObjectiveTo determine the effects of TRE as a lifestyle intervention combined with current standard-of-care treatments on cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome.DesignRandomized controlled trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04057339).SettingClinical research institute.ParticipantsAdults with metabolic syndrome including elevated fasting glucose or hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c; pharmacotherapy allowed).InterventionParticipants were randomly assigned to standard-of-care (SOC) nutritional counseling alone (SOC group) or combined with a personalized 8- to 10-hour TRE intervention (≥4-hour reduction in eating window) (TRE group) for 3 months. Timing of dietary intake was tracked in real time using the myCircadianClock smartphone application.MeasurementsPrimary outcomes were HbA1c, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, and glycemic assessments from continuous glucose monitors.Results108 participants from the TIMET study completed the intervention (89% of those randomly assigned; 56 women, mean baseline age, 59 years; body mass index of 31.22 kg/m2; eating window of 14.19 hours). Compared with SOC, TRE improved HbA1c by -0.10% (95% CI, -0.19% to -0.003%). Statistical outcomes were adjusted for age. There were no major adverse events.LimitationShort duration, self-reported diet, potential for multiple elements affecting outcomes.ConclusionPersonalized 8- to 10-hour TRE is an effective practical lifestyle intervention that modestly improves glycemic regulation and may have broader benefits for cardiometabolic health in adults with metabolic syndrome on top of SOC pharmacotherapy and nutritional counseling.Primary Funding SourceNational Institutes of Health.

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