• Sanja Klobučar, Gordana Kenđel Jovanović, Jadwiga Kryczyk-Kozioł, Cigrovski BerkovićMajaM0000-0003-0750-9785Department for Sport and Exercise Medicine, University of Zagreb, Faculty of Kinesiology, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia., Vučak LončarJelenaJDepartment of Health Studies, University of Zadar, 23000 Zadar, Croatia.Department of Endocrinology, Zadar General Hospital, 23000 Zadar, Croatia., Nikolina Morić, Katarina Peljhan, Dario Rahelić, Dunja Mudri, Ines Bilić-Ćurčić, and Tatjana Bogović Crnčić.
• Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Sep 5; 60 (9).

AbstractBackground and Objectives: The available research suggests that dietary patterns with high inflammatory potential, as indicated by a high DII score, may exacerbate inflammation and potentially influence thyroid function. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between the inflammatory potential of a diet and thyroid function in adults with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). Materials and Methods: A total of 149 adults diagnosed with Hashimoto's thyroiditis were enrolled in this observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) was calculated using a 141-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The serum levels of the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-Ab), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were determined. Results: The DII® scores ranged from -3.49 (most anti-inflammatory) to +4.68 (most pro-inflammatory), whereas three DII® tertile ranges were defined as <-1.4, -1.39 to +1.20, and >+1.21, respectively. Participants in tertile 1 (more anti-inflammatory diet) had significantly higher levels of fT4 than those adhering to a more pro-inflammatory diet (p = 0.007). The levels of hsCRP and TSH appeared to increase with increasing the DII® score, but without statistical significance. A significant association was found between the DII® and TSH (β = 0.42, p < 0.001) and between DII® and free thyroxine (β = 0.19, p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, gender, energy intake, and physical activity, a significant positive correlation remained between the DII® and TSH (β = 0.33, p = 0.002) and between the DII® and body mass index (BMI) (β = 0.14, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Adherence to an anti-inflammatory diet appears to be beneficial in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, suggesting that dietary modification aimed at lowering DII® levels may be a valuable strategy to improve clinical outcomes in these patients.

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