• Yang-Chuan Chen, Shu-Ting Hong, Yuan-Feng Chen, Pan Lin, Xiao-Xin Chen, and Yang-Zong Wu.
• Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Longyan, Longyan, Fujian Province, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Sep 20; 103 (38): e39533e39533.

RationaleThis article reports a case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)-associated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) and reviews the relevant literature to investigate the clinical manifestations, auxiliary inspection, diagnosis and treatment, and prognosis of AE associated with COVID-19.Patient ConcernsA 68-year-old female with fatigue developed altered consciousness after 2 days of fever, thereafter testing positive for COVID-19. The protein levels in the lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid were elevated, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan indicated T2-weighted hyperintensity in the temporal lobe.DiagnosesThe patient was diagnosed with COVID-19-associated AE.InterventionsAfter admission, the patient received pulse steroid therapy with methylprednisolone. Additionally, gastric protection, blood glucose control, nutritional support, and other treatments were administered.OutcomesThe symptoms were significantly relieved by steroid pulse therapy. At the 3-month follow-up, the patient had recovered completely without any obvious discomfort.LessonsThe possibility of AE should be considered if neurological symptoms occur a few days after infection with COVID-19, with early diagnosis and immediate steroid pulse therapy resulting in better outcomes.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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