• Internal medicine · Oct 2024

    A Case of Varicella Zoster Virus Encephalitis with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease Diagnosed by Brain Biopsy.

    • Yukihiro Yoshimura, Dai Nakase, Yuna So, Nobuyuki Miyata, Kenta Takahashi, Harutaka Katano, Sawako Chiba, and Yoko Tateishi.
    • Department of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen's Hospital, Japan.
    • Intern. Med. 2024 Oct 25.

    AbstractA 40-year-old Japanese man with human immunodeficiency virus presented with disturbance of consciousness 2 years after dropping out. He was emaciated without any zoster skin lesions, and his CD4+ lymphocyte count was 4 cells/μL. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection and pneumocystis pneumonia were diagnosed, and a brain biopsy revealed varicella zoster virus (VZV) encephalitis with multiple real-time polymerase chain reaction tests and immunochemistry. Antiretroviral therapy and intravenous acyclovir were administered, and the patient survived with neurological sequelae. VZV encephalitis is rare, particularly among people with AIDS, but it is a significant disease with a poor prognosis.

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