• Massimo Pisano, Giuseppe Sangiovanni, Eugenio Frucci, Michela Scorziello, Giuseppina De Benedetto, and Alfredo Iandolo.
• Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Salerno, Italy.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Oct 18; 60 (10).

AbstractBackground and Objectives: To achieve success in endodontic treatment, it is essential to properly perform the steps of shaping, cleansing and obturation. Determining the working length of the canal is, therefore, a process that must be precise and accurate. Electronic apex locators are a useful tool for the clinician to best perform this step of endodontic treatment. Materials and Methods: The purpose of the following umbrella review is to evaluate, through data in the literature, the degree of accuracy of apex locators. Results: Seven systematic reviews were included in the following umbrella review. Five compare the accuracy of apex locators versus radiographic techniques, two compare different types of electronic apex locators, and two analyze the determination of working length in primary teeth. Conclusions: From the results obtained from the following umbrella review, albeit at low levels of evidence, the methods for determining working length using electronic apex locators and other methods, particularly using radiographic evaluation, are equally valid.

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