• Neurosurgery · Oct 2024

    Stereotactic Radiosurgery Dose Reduction for Melanoma Brain Metastases Patients on Immunotherapy or Target Therapy: A Single-Center Experience.

    • Salem M Tos, Georgios Mantziaris, Ahmed Shaaban, Stylianos Pikis, Chloe Dumot, and Jason P Sheehan.
    • Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
    • Neurosurgery. 2024 Oct 28.

    Background And ObjectivesBetter local control but higher rates of adverse radiation events (ARE) have been reported when combining American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO)-guideline-suggested dose (SD) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with immunotherapy or targeted therapy for melanoma brain metastases. The objective of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of lower prescription doses compared with ASTRO guidelines for single-fraction SRS for patients with melanoma metastases who are concurrently receiving immunotherapy or targeted therapy.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective, single-center study on 194 patients who underwent SRS between 2009 and 2022. After propensity score matching, 71 patients with 292 metastases were included in the ASTRO-SD (20-24 Gy for <2 cm, 18 Gy for ≥2 to <3 cm) group and 33 patients with 292 metastases in the reduced dose (RD, <20 Gy for <2 cm, <18 Gy for ≥2 to <3 cm) group.ResultsThe median diameter (5.4 vs 5.2 mm, P = .6), prescription volume (0.2 vs 0.2 cm3, P = .2), and radiographic follow-up (11 vs 12 months, P = .2) were similar in the 2 groups. The cumulative incidence of progressing metastases was significantly higher in the SD compared with the RD group (P = .018). Higher prescription volumes and ASTRO-suggested radiation doses were associated with local progression in multivariable analysis. Radiographic AREs were significantly more common in the SD compared with the RD group (8.6% vs 3.1%, P = .005). BRAF and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors' concurrent use, higher prescription volumes, and ASTRO-suggested radiation doses were associated with an increased risk of radiographic ARE.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that RD SRS could offer reduced toxicity rates, while maintaining high local control as compared with the current guideline-SDs for the treatment of melanoma brain metastases.Copyright © Congress of Neurological Surgeons 2024. All rights reserved.

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