• Zejun Liu, Ji Lu, Kai Yu, Tengteng Jian, Rui Hu, and Min Liu.
• Department of Urology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
• Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Nov 1; 103 (44): e40340e40340.

RationaleProstate leiomyoma is a rare condition globally, often challenging to diagnose preoperatively, with most cases being definitively identified through postoperative pathology. This benign tumor generally has a good prognosis and is primarily treated with transurethral resection of the prostate in clinical settings. However, there are no established guidelines or therapeutic protocols for managing this disease.Patient ConcernsThe patient was admitted to our hospital's Department of Urology with complaints of hematuria, urinary frequency, and urgency for 1 month. Pelvic computed tomography revealed an irregular, mass-like high-density shadow posterior to the bladder, indistinctly separated from the prostate. The patient had been diagnosed with renal insufficiency during a physical examination 4 years prior but had not received standardized treatment. Six years ago, the patient underwent electrocision of the prostate at our hospital, and postoperative pathology indicated prostate leiomyoma.DiagnosesPostoperative pathology confirmed a diagnosis of prostate leiomyoma.InterventionsThe patient presented with an enlarged prostate and preoperative hematuria. Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) was performed. The Foley catheter was removed on the second postoperative day, and the patient was discharged 3 days after surgery.OutcomesFollowing discharge, the patient was instructed to undergo reexaminations every 6 months. Current follow-up indicates the patient is in good health, with no recurrence of the mass observed.LessonsProstate leiomyoma is an extremely rare condition, and the current primary approach for managing prostate smooth muscle tumors involves active patient monitoring, regular evaluations, and timely surgical intervention if clinical symptoms emerge. In this study, we present a new case report of prostatic smooth muscle tumor and review the existing literature to explore treatment options for prostate leiomyoma within this field.Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

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