• Sagi Levental, Isabella Schwartz, Jonathan Lorber, Jakob Nowotny, and Ron Karmeli.
• Department of Vascular Surgery, Hadassah Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
• Isr Med Assoc J. 2024 Nov 1; 26 (10): 650654650-654.

BackgroundIsolated peripheral artery aneurysms are very rare, appearing in fewer than 2% of the general population. The literature reports a few case reports of poliomyelitis patients presenting with unilateral leg paralysis that presented with peripheral aneurysms in the contralateral leg.ObjectivesTo compare lower limb arterial diameters in poliomyelitis patients and screen these patients for peripheral aneurysms.MethodsPoliomyelitis patients older than 55 years of age with unilateral leg paralysis since childhood were prospectively screened by ultrasound duplex during scheduled visits to the outpatient rehabilitation center. These results were compared to the control group. The control groups consisted of healthy adults and patients with childhood poliomyelitis without lower limb paralysis or symmetric bilateral limb paralysis. We measured the diameter of nine arteries in each participant (aorta, bilateral common iliac artery, bilateral common femoral artery, bilateral superficial femoral artery, and bilateral popliteal artery).ResultsThe study cohort included 77 participants: 40 poliomyelitis patients with unilateral leg paralysis, 18 poliomyelitis patients with bilateral leg paralysis or without leg paralysis, and 19 non-poliomyelitis patients without leg paralysis. We demonstrated a significant difference between averaged arterial diameters of lower limb arteries in poliomyelitis patients, favoring the strong leg. We were unable to demonstrate an arterial aneurysm in any of the patients.ConclusionsThere is a significant difference between arterial diameters of lower limb arteries in poliomyelitis patients with unilateral leg paralysis in favoring the strong leg.

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