• Ryan Antel, Sera Whitelaw, Genevieve Gore, and Pablo Ingelmo.
• Department of Anesthesia, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
• Eur J Pain. 2024 Nov 10.

Background And ObjectiveWhile the development of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine has been significant, their application to acute and chronic pain management has not been well characterized. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the current state of AI in acute and chronic pain management.Databases And Data TreatmentThis review was registered with PROSPERO (ID# CRD42022307017), the international registry for systematic reviews. The search strategy was prepared by a librarian and run in four electronic databases (Embase, Medline, Central, and Web of Science). Collected articles were screened by two reviewers. Included studies described the use of AI for acute and chronic pain management.ResultsFrom the 17,601 records identified in the initial search, 197 were included in this review. Identified applications of AI were described for treatment planning as well as treatment delivery. Described uses include prediction of pain, forecasting of individualized responses to treatment, treatment regimen tailoring, image-guidance for procedural interventions and self-management tools. Multiple domains of AI were used including machine learning, computer vision, fuzzy logic, natural language processing and expert systems.ConclusionThere is growing literature regarding applications of AI for pain management, and their clinical use holds potential for improving patient outcomes. However, multiple barriers to their clinical integration remain including lack validation of such applications in diverse patient populations, missing infrastructure to support these tools and limited provider understanding of AI.SignificanceThis review characterizes current applications of AI for pain management and discusses barriers to their clinical integration. Our findings support continuing efforts directed towards establishing comprehensive systems that integrate AI throughout the patient care continuum.© 2024 The Author(s). European Journal of Pain published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Pain Federation ‐ EFIC ®.

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