• Xiaorou Qiu, Yixian Lu, Chao Mu, Peihua Tang, Yueli Liu, Yongmei Huang, Hui Luo, Jun-Yan Liu, and Xuemeng Li.
• Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Human Microecology and Clinical Translation Research, the Marine Biomedical Research Institute, College of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524023, China.
• Int J Med Sci. 2024 Jan 1; 21 (14): 272527442725-2744.

AbstractThe pursuit of extreme longevity is a popular topic. Advanced technologies such as metabolomics and proteomics have played a crucial role in unraveling complex molecular interactions and identifying novel longevity-related biomarkers in long-lived individuals. This review summarizes key longevity-related biomarkers identified through metabolomics, including high levels of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and sphingolipids, as well as low levels of tryptophan. Proteomics analyses have highlighted longevity-related proteins such as apolipoprotein E (APOE) and pleiotrophin (PTN), along with lower S-nitrosylated and higher glycosylated proteins found from post-translational modification proteomics as potential biomarkers. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that could support the above biomarkers' potential for healthy longevity, including metabolic regulation, immune homeostasis maintenance, and resistance to cellular oxidative stress. Moreover, multi-omics studies of various long-lived cohorts are encompassed, focusing on how the integration of various omics technologies has contributed to the understanding of longevity. This comprehensive review aims to provide new biological insights and pave the way for promoting health span.© The author(s).

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