• Syeda Farwa Naqvi, Umi Ameena, Waheed Uddin Qazi, Salman Ahmad, Anjum Iqbal, and Sajid Malik.
• Syeda Farwa Naqvi, Human Genetics Program, Department of Zoology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
• Pak J Med Sci. 2024 Nov 1; 40 (10): 218121892181-2189.

ObjectivesTo elucidate the burden and clinico-epidemiological attributes of congenital and hereditary anomalies (CA) in the extended Peshawar Valley of Pakistan.MethodThis is a multicenter cross sectional study carried out in Buner, Charsadda, Mardan, Nowshera, Peshawar and Swabi districts, during 2017-2021. The pediatric and adult patients with CA were recruited from hospitals, public places and through door-to-door surveys. The anomalies were classified with the help of specialized clinicians. Descriptive statistics was employed.ResultsIn this study, 1065 independent subjects with certain types of CA from independent households were included. The index males were 71%; the majority of subjects originated from rural areas (72%), and spoke Pashto (96%). The CA were categorized into 10 major and at least 104 minor categories. There was highest representation of neurological disorders, n=375 (proportion.: 0.352; 95% CI: 0.323-0.381), followed by limb defects (n=281; prop.: 0.264), sensorineural defects (n=128; prop.: 0.120), musculoskeletal defects (n=84; prop.: 0.079), visual impairments (n=67; prop.: 0.063), hemoglobinopathies (n=40; prop.: 0.038), ectodermal disorders (n=34; prop.: 0.032), cardiovascular anomalies (n=19; prop.: 0.018), and orofacial anomalies (n=19; prop). Among the neurological disorder, intellectual disabilities and cerebral palsy were highly prevalent. The majority of the cases had a sporadic presentation (68%), and isolated occurrence (72%), whereas parental consanguinity was witnessed in 58% of cases.ConclusionA wide range of CA were witnessed in this cohort with a preponderance of neurological disorders. The majority of the anomalies are of severe nature rendering a high morbidity burden in the population and requiring early detection, intervention and management.Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.

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