• L Padua, G Granata, M Sabatelli, M Inghilleri, M Lucchetta, M Luigetti, D Coraci, C Martinoli, and C Briani.
• Institute of Neurology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus Foundation, Rome, Italy. Electronic address: lpadua@rm.unicatt.it.
• Clin Neurophysiol. 2014 Jan 1;125(1):160-5.

ObjectiveThe few published ultrasound (US) studies on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) report diffusely increased cross-sectional area (CSA) of nerves. The data are, however, heterogeneous and correlations with clinical history or disease severity are lacking.MethodsThirty-four patients with CIDP underwent US nerve evaluation by two neurologists blinded to clinical data. US nerve pattern for each patient was defined by a third neurologist blinded to clinical data. Three US classes were identified based on CSA and echogenicity: large nerves with hypoechoic nerves/fascicles (class 1); large nerves with heterogeneous hypo- and hyperechoic fascicles (class 2); normal size nerve but abnormal hyperechoic array (class 3).ResultsIn all patients, US nerve changes were observed: in most of the cases, enlarged nerves or nerve segments were observed. The three 'classes' of US nerve changes significantly correlated (R: 0.68, p<0.001) with disease duration, but not with age or Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment (INCAT) disability score.ConclusionsUS may be of adjunctive diagnostic value in CIDP assessment. Nerve morphological changes may mirror the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and seem to correlate with disease duration.SignificanceThese results offer the possibility of exploring the use of US to assess CIDP disease activity and treatment.Copyright © 2013 International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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