• Neuromodulation · Dec 2024

    Characterizing Soleus Muscle Response to Targeted Plantar Nerve Modulation Using Mechanomyography.

    • Kenneth J McLeod.
    • Sonostics, Inc, Endicott, NY, USA. Electronic address: kmcleod@sonostics.com.
    • Neuromodulation. 2024 Dec 5.

    ObjectiveThe human soleus muscles are essential for maintaining cardiac output during upright posture, but age and disuse lead to soleus atrophy, causing numerous health complications in older adults. Here, we investigate the influence of plantar nerve stimulation on soleus muscle activity focusing on ways exogenous stimulation technology can be optimized for the rejuvenation of the soleus muscles.Materials And MethodsMechanomyographic (MMG) spectra were obtained to characterize soleus dynamics in adults during quiet sitting. Spectra from older women in the presence, and absence, of plantar nerve modulation, were compared with reference spectra obtained from young men and women.ResultsThe young male soleus shows remarkably high levels of tonic muscle activity during quiet sitting, with frequency peaks indicative of intensive type I and type IIa fiber involvement. Young women show lower frequency type I activity and greatly reduced type IIa activity. Spectra from older women reflect significant reductions in type I activity, consistent with disuse atrophy. The immediate response of the soleus muscle to plantar nerve modulation during quiet sitting is a significant enhancement of activity across the type I fiber spectrum (p < 0.0001), whereas sustained daily use of plantar nerve modulation by older women is associated with an enhancement in fiber dynamics characteristic of that observed in young women.ConclusionsMMG analysis provides a sensitive and quantitatively reproducible assessment that has confirmed the ability of plantar nerve modulation to enhance soleus muscle performance in both the short and long term. Because soleus atrophy in older adults leads to numerous detrimental health conditions in these adults, the ability to rejuvenate the soleus muscles through simple, noninvasive, nerve modulation therapy supports use of this strategy as an effective clinical intervention. Results obtained here also indicate that MMG can play an important role in optimizing nerve modulation strategies in this application area.Copyright © 2024 International Neuromodulation Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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