• Baiyang Jiang, Jiayang Yan, Shaochun Xu, Qianxi Jin, Gang Xiang, Qingyang Yu, Yimin Huang, Chao Zheng, Xiao Hu, Li Fan, Yi Xiao, Xiang Wang, and Shiyuan Liu.
• Department of Radiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Navy Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
• World Neurosurg. 2024 Dec 16: 123567123567.

ObjectiveThis study aims to develop a fully automated, CT-based deep learning（DL） model to segment ossified lesions of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) and to measure the thickness of the ossified material and calculate the cervical spinal cord compression factor.Materials And MethodsA total of 307 patients were enrolled, with 260 patients from Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, And 47 patients from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University. CT images were used to manually segment the OPLL by four experienced radiologists. The DL model employing a 3D U-Net framework was developed to segment the OPLLs. The system also measures the thickness of the ossified material at its thickest point and the diameter of the spinal canal at the corresponding level. Segmentation performance was evaluated using the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Average Surface Distance (ASD), and Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) between ground truth and segmentation volumes. Concordance between the radiologists' and the DL system's measurements of the ossified material thickness, residual spinal canal diameter at maximum compression, and cervical spinal cord compression coefficient was assessed in a randomly selected subset of 30 cases from the training set using ICCs and Bland-Altman plots.ResultsThe DL system demonstrated average DSC of 0.81, 0.75, and 0.71 for the training, internal validation, and external test sets, respectively. The mean ASD was 1.30 for the training set, 2.35 for the internal validation set, and 2.63 for the external test set. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.958 for the thickness of the ossified material and 0.974 for the residual canal diameter measurement.ConclusionsThe proposed DL model effectively detects and separates ossification foci in OPLL on CT images. It exhibits comparable performance to radiologists in quantifying spinal cord compression metrics.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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