• Saqer A Alharbi, Paul du Toit, Joe Copson, and Toby O Smith.
• School of Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK.
• Prehosp Emerg Care. 2024 Dec 17: 1231-23.

ObjectivesThis systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of ambulance transportation versus helicopter transportation on mortality for trauma patients.MethodsA systematic review of published and unpublished databases (to August 2023) was performed. Studies, reporting mortality, for people who experienced trauma and were transported to a trauma unit by ambulance or helicopter were eligible. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to evaluate study quality.ResultsOf the 7323 studies screened, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two percent of these studies included patients with diverse injury types, while nine studies included patients across all age groups. The majority (92%) of the included data were retrospective in nature. Eighteen studies (28.57%) achieved the highest score on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale suggesting high-quality evidence. Seven studies examining 24-hour mortality reported variable findings. Eighteen studies reported mortality without exact time points through adjusted analyses, 17 favored air transport. Air transport showed an advantage across all subgroups in the adjusted data, while the unadjusted data presented relatively similar outcomes between the two modes of transport.ConclusionsThis systematic review found that adjusted analyses consistently favored air transport over ground transport. Unadjusted analyses showed no significant difference between the two modes of transport, except in specific subgroups. Further subgroup analyses revealed notable disparities between the two modalities, suggesting that these differences may be influenced by multiple factors. These findings highlight the need for further research to clarify the true impact of transport modality on trauma outcomes.

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