• Nikolaus Schreiber, Michael Eichlseder, Simon Orlob, Christoph Klivinyi, Philipp Zoidl, Alexander Pichler, Michael Eichinger, Simon Fandler-Höfler, Laura Scholz, Jekaterina Baumgartner, Michael Schörghuber, and Philipp Eller.
• Divison of Heart-, Thoracic- and Vascular Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
• Crit Care. 2024 Dec 18; 28 (1): 413413.

IntroductionDelirium is a frequent complication in critically ill patients and is associated with adverse outcomes such as long-term cognitive impairment and increased mortality. It is unknown whether there are sex-related differences in intensive care unit (ICU) delirium and associated outcomes. We aimed to assess sex-specific differences in short-term mortality following ICU-delirium.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Adult ICU patients who were diagnosed with delirium using the Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU) were included. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following delirium onset. To control for baseline differences in demographics, illness severity, and comorbidities, we applied 1:1 propensity score matching. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate the association between sex and mortality.ResultsA total of 8950 ICU patients with delirium were analyzed, of whom 42.6% were women. In univariable analysis, women had higher crude mortality (26.0% vs. 23.4%; HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.071-1.267, p < 0.001). After propensity score matching, the cohort included 3811 women and 3811 men. In adjusted analysis, risk for thirty-day mortality remained higher in women (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.064-1.273, p < 0.001).ConclusionOur study suggests that women with ICU-delirium have a significantly higher risk of short-term mortality than men. Acknowledging the limitations inherent to observational studies with potential for residual confounding, further research is needed to understand the biological and clinical factors driving this disparity and to inform sex-specific interventions for ICU-delirium.© 2024. The Author(s).

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