• Pain Manag Nurs · Dec 2024

    Conditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) Paradigms: Reliability and Relationship With Individual Characteristics.

    • Antonio Gil-Ugidos, Lara Rubal-Otero, Alberto González-Villar, and María Teresa Carrillo-De-la-Peña.
    • Brain and Pain lab, Institute of Psychology (IPsiUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.gil.ugidos@usc.es.
    • Pain Manag Nurs. 2024 Dec 31.

    PurposeConditioned Pain Modulation (CPM) is a useful tool for testing the functionality of endogenous pain modulation. However, inconsistent results have been obtained in clinical populations, possibly due to the wide variety of CPM protocols used and the influence of demographic and psychological characteristics of the individuals assessed.MethodsWe tested the sensitivity and reliability of four commonly used CPM paradigms in a sample of 58 healthy participants. We also checked how these measures were related to Temporal Summation of Second Pain (TSSP), sociodemographic (age and sex) and psychological variables (anxiety and stress).ResultsCPM results were influenced by the test stimulus used, with tests using pain pressure threshold (PPT) obtaining a greater number of responders (over 65%) and being the most sensitive (higher size effect: Cohen's d > 0.5). However, all measures showed excellent intrasession reliability, with strong agreement between the CPM magnitudes. CPM indices were not correlated with TSSP, age or sex, and the psychological scales did not differentiate CPM responders and non-responders.ConclusionsAlthough the CPM indices showed good reliability, construction of a large database with standardized values for healthy individuals seems necessary for the use of CPM in clinical settings.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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