• Ammad Ahmad Farooqi, Assiya Turgambayeva, Gulnara Kamalbekova, Roza Suleimenova, Natalya Latypova, Sholpan Ospanova, Dinara Ospanova, Zhanat Abdikadyr, and Sabit Zhussupov.
• Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute of Biomedical and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Islamabad 44090, Pakistan.
• Medicina (Kaunas). 2024 Dec 1; 60 (12).

AbstractCancer is a therapeutically challenging and genomically complicated disease. Pioneering studies have uncovered multifaceted aspects of cancer, ranging from intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and genetic/epigenetic mutations. Loss of apoptosis is another critical aspect that makes cancer cells resistant to death. A substantial fraction of mechanistic information gleaned from cutting-edge studies has enabled researchers to develop near-to-complete resolution of the apoptotic pathway. Within the exciting frontiers of apoptosis, TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) has garnered phenomenal appreciation by interdisciplinary researchers principally because of its unique capability to target cancer cells. TRAIL-based monotherapies and combinatorial therapies have reached phase II and phase III clinical trials. Rapidly upgrading the list of clinical trials substantiates the clinically valuable role of TRAIL-based therapeutics in cancer therapy. However, there is a growing concern about the poor bioavailability and rapid clearance of TRAIL-based therapeutics. Excitingly, the charismatic field of nanotechnology offers solutions for different problems, and we have witnessed remarkable breakthroughs in the efficacy of TRAIL-based therapeutics using nanotechnological approaches. In this review, we have attempted to provide a summary about different nanotechnologically assisted delivery methods for TRAIL-based therapeutics in cell culture studies and animal model studies for the inhibition/prevention of cancer.

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