• Nima Tanha, Ilja Areskog Lejbman, Liesbet De Bus, Gennaro De Pascale, José Garnacho-Montero, Marc Leone, Shigeki Fujitan, Jan J De Waele, Gustav Torisson, and Fredrik Sjövall.
• Department of Perioperative Medicine and Intensive Care Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden. Electronic address: nima.tanha@mail.com.
• J Crit Care. 2024 Apr 1; 80: 154501154501.

PurposeIn a retrospective cohort study of intensive care unit (ICU) admitted adult patients with suspected or confirmed infection, associations between combination versus mono empirical antibiotic therapy and clinical cure at day 7 as well as mortality at day 7 and 28, were investigated.Materials And MethodsPatients from the DIANA study were grouped and analysed by combination versus mono antibiotic therapy. Clinical cure was defined as survival and resolution of all signs and symptoms related to the infection. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsOf the 1398 included patients, 568 patients (41%) received combination therapy. In total, 641(46%) patients achieved clinical cure and 135 (10%) patients had died as of day 7. There were no significant associations between combination and mono therapy relating to clinical cure and mortality.ConclusionsThis study found no differences in clinical cure and mortality between empirical combination versus mono therapy in a large cohort of ICU patients with a suspected infection.Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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