-
- Victoria Navarro-Compán, Alexandre Sepriano, Dafne Capelusnik, and Xenofon Baraliakos.
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital La Paz, IdiPaz, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: mvictoria.navarroc@gmail.com.
- Lancet. 2025 Jan 11; 405 (10473): 159172159-172.
AbstractAxial spondyloarthritis manifests as a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine. Although chronic back pain and spinal stiffness are typical initial symptoms, peripheral (ie, enthesitis, arthritis, and dactylitis) and extra-musculoskeletal (ie, uveitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and psoriasis) manifestations are also common. Timely and accurate diagnosis is challenging and relies on identifying a clinical pattern with a combination of clinical, laboratory (HLA-B27 positivity), and imaging findings (eg, structural damage on pelvic radiographs and bone marrow oedema on MRI of the sacroiliac joints). The Assessment in SpondyloArthritis international Society classification criteria for axial spondyloarthritis are widely used for research and have contributed to a better understanding of the gestalt of axial spondyloarthritis. Persistent disease activity, assessed mainly by the Axial Spondyloarthritis Disease Activity Score, leads to irreversible structural damage and functional impairment. Management involves non-pharmacological (eg, education, smoking cessation, exercise, physiotherapy) and pharmacological therapy. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs remain first line pharmacotherapy, while tumour necrosis factor, IL-17, and Janus kinase inhibitors are considered second-line therapies. Future advances are expected to increase disease awareness, facilitate early and accurate diagnosis, optimise disease management, and enhance overall quality of life in patients with axial spondyloarthritis.Copyright © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Notes
Knowledge, pearl, summary or comment to share?You can also include formatting, links, images and footnotes in your notes
- Simple formatting can be added to notes, such as
*italics*
,_underline_
or**bold**
. - Superscript can be denoted by
<sup>text</sup>
and subscript<sub>text</sub>
. - Numbered or bulleted lists can be created using either numbered lines
1. 2. 3.
, hyphens-
or asterisks*
. - Links can be included with:
[my link to pubmed](http://pubmed.com)
- Images can be included with:

- For footnotes use
[^1](This is a footnote.)
inline. - Or use an inline reference
[^1]
to refer to a longer footnote elseweher in the document[^1]: This is a long footnote.
.